Summary

An EORI number (Economic Operator Registration and Identification) is a unique ID used by customs authorities to track shipments moving into or out of the UK and EU. This guide covers:

• What an EORI number is

• When and why you need one

• Who can apply

• Common situations where it’s required

What is an EORI Number?

An Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number is a unique identifier used by customs authorities to record and monitor imports and exports.

It allows businesses and individuals to be recognised as legitimate importers or exporters when trading goods across borders. Customs use EORI numbers to:

• Identify traders quickly during clearance

• Track shipments and prevent fraud

• Ensure import/export declarations are processed efficiently

In short, it’s your customs ID for international trade.

When do you need an EORI number?

You’ll need an EORI number if you or your business are involved in international trade or customs-related activities, including:

• Importing or exporting goods between the UK and countries outside your customs area (e.g., UK–EU trade, EU–US trade)

• Filing customs declarations — an EORI number is mandatory on all import/export paperwork

• Storing goods in bonded or customs warehouses, or using temporary admission procedures

If you’re a private individual sending or receiving a personal parcel, you generally don’t need an EORI number. However, business-to-business (B2B) shipments almost always require one.

EORI numbers after Brexit

Since the UK left the EU, you may need two different EORI numbers depending on where you trade:

• A GB EORI (starting with GB) — for trading with countries outside the UK, including the EU

• An EU EORI (issued by an EU member state) — if you import goods into or export goods from an EU country

Example formats:

• UK: GB123456789000

• EU: DE123456789 (Germany), FR12345678900017 (France)

If you ship between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, you may also need a XI EORI (beginning with XI).

Who can apply for an EORI number?

• UK businesses can apply through HMRC’s EORI registration service

• EU-based businesses apply via their national customs authority

• Individuals acting as sole traders can also apply if they’re regularly importing or exporting goods

You’ll need:

• Your business name and address

• VAT number (if applicable)

• Business registration details (Company Number or UTR)

Applications are usually processed within 48 hours.

What happens if you don’t have one?

Without an EORI number:

• Customs declarations can’t be processed

• Your shipment may be delayed or refused clearance

• You could face storage fees or return charges

Couriers and freight agents are legally required to include an EORI number for most business shipments, so make sure it’s ready before you ship.